1 00:00:08,601 --> 00:00:11,405 "Either Caesar or nothing." 2 00:00:12,184 --> 00:00:14,461 Emperor of the World... 3 00:00:15,102 --> 00:00:17,562 Charlie Chaplin was a divinity. 4 00:00:18,065 --> 00:00:19,777 He owned the world. 5 00:00:22,602 --> 00:00:25,806 He was the first universal artist. 6 00:00:26,203 --> 00:00:28,884 Chaplin was probably the person... 7 00:00:29,715 --> 00:00:33,463 the artist, whatever you want to call him, most popular on the planet. 8 00:00:35,504 --> 00:00:37,775 What attracted me to Chaplin... 9 00:00:37,886 --> 00:00:43,936 It was the atmosphere that I got, that feeling of floating freely... 10 00:00:44,015 --> 00:00:48,085 someone who can outwit Nature. 11 00:00:49,005 --> 00:00:52,792 It's so hard to talk about my reaction to "The Great Dictator", 12 00:00:53,087 --> 00:00:58,506 because I laughed so much and it moved me so much... 13 00:01:01,106 --> 00:01:07,205 Here was this enormous artist facing... 14 00:01:07,716 --> 00:01:09,946 to this gargantuan monster. 15 00:01:10,230 --> 00:01:14,015 It was a historic match of the world championship. 16 00:01:14,808 --> 00:01:17,559 It is one of the best movies that I have seen. 17 00:01:18,007 --> 00:01:21,828 when you face to totalitarian regimes... 18 00:01:22,008 --> 00:01:24,972 and the madness they inflicted on the world, 19 00:01:25,107 --> 00:01:26,694 bravery is not enough. 20 00:01:27,126 --> 00:01:29,586 You have to be able to laugh in his face. 21 00:01:30,117 --> 00:01:32,722 Throw your head back and tell them: "You do not count." 22 00:01:33,109 --> 00:01:36,710 "I dismiss you this way. With the biggest laugh, 23 00:01:36,710 --> 00:01:40,910 the great laughter of acceptance, that melts you." 24 00:02:21,114 --> 00:02:25,827 A remarkable new discovery at Chaplin's villa in Vevey, Switzerland. 25 00:02:26,915 --> 00:02:29,420 In the basement of the movies there are the famous comedies, 26 00:02:29,715 --> 00:02:32,129 "The gold rush", "City Lights", 27 00:02:32,164 --> 00:02:34,661 that everyone knows. 28 00:02:35,327 --> 00:02:38,747 And something unknown that has remained there for decades: 29 00:02:39,316 --> 00:02:43,467 two suitcases belonging to Sydney Chaplin, Charlie's brother 30 00:02:44,116 --> 00:02:49,431 full of curious little boxes, which have turned out contain amateur film. 31 00:02:53,084 --> 00:02:55,457 Chaplin filmed his film in black and white, 32 00:02:55,684 --> 00:02:59,779 but this footage takes us to filming in color. 33 00:03:03,785 --> 00:03:06,736 Add another dimension to an extraordinary story: 34 00:03:07,185 --> 00:03:11,064 the confrontation between Adolf Hitler and Charlie Chaplin, 35 00:03:11,299 --> 00:03:14,235 through realization of a controversial film... 36 00:03:14,448 --> 00:03:18,588 released in 1940 and titled "The Great Dictator." 37 00:03:19,687 --> 00:03:24,046 Chaplin, the little tramp, and Hitler, the leader of Germany, 38 00:03:24,190 --> 00:03:26,567 they had more in common than a simple mustache. 39 00:03:27,687 --> 00:03:31,914 They were born in the same week of the same month of the same year. 40 00:03:33,432 --> 00:03:35,911 A few years before Chaplin became famous as the tramp, 41 00:03:36,543 --> 00:03:38,204 Hitler was a vagabond. 42 00:03:39,289 --> 00:03:43,044 The two were excluded who left their homeland to conquer the world. 43 00:03:44,089 --> 00:03:48,088 They became the most loved man and in the most hated of that time. 44 00:03:51,590 --> 00:03:55,338 In all countries, Chaplin was the symbol of laughter. 45 00:03:56,090 --> 00:03:58,831 Hitler, the symbol of destruction. 46 00:03:59,066 --> 00:04:01,836 Their war cost 55 million lives. 47 00:04:03,291 --> 00:04:05,615 But in the 30s He seemed unstoppable. 48 00:04:07,691 --> 00:04:10,118 World leaders They tried to appease him. 49 00:04:11,092 --> 00:04:14,027 Most of Hollywood I chose to ignore it. 50 00:04:15,392 --> 00:04:17,436 But one voice would speak to millions. 51 00:04:17,692 --> 00:04:21,963 A man would dare to challenge to the most dangerous leader in the world: 52 00:04:23,193 --> 00:04:24,479 Charlie Chaplin. 53 00:04:27,193 --> 00:04:29,383 The climax of "The Great Dictator." 54 00:04:29,494 --> 00:04:32,316 Chaplin's Jewish Barber He is confused with the dictator... 55 00:04:32,412 --> 00:04:33,694 and invited to speak. 56 00:04:33,794 --> 00:04:35,929 Present weapons! 57 00:04:37,994 --> 00:04:41,205 Your Excellency, the world wait for his word. 58 00:04:43,595 --> 00:04:47,214 Chaplin had never spoken on the screen until he made this film. 59 00:04:50,496 --> 00:04:52,646 But it seemed to him that he was capable to speak from the heart, 60 00:04:52,781 --> 00:04:55,391 maybe I could even shorten the war. 61 00:04:57,796 --> 00:04:59,997 �What did I take? to Chaplin and Hitler... 62 00:05:00,097 --> 00:05:02,646 to such an exceptional confrontation? 63 00:05:05,497 --> 00:05:07,633 Chaplin was born in 1889, 64 00:05:07,668 --> 00:05:11,298 in the slums of south London which he would recreate so often in his films. 65 00:05:11,898 --> 00:05:14,970 His father was a music hall singer, just like his mother. 66 00:05:15,798 --> 00:05:17,398 Due to her mental problems, 67 00:05:17,498 --> 00:05:20,374 Charlie and his brother were sent to a poorhouse. 68 00:05:20,699 --> 00:05:23,330 To the people of the working class This fate terrified him, 69 00:05:23,365 --> 00:05:26,175 something Chaplin expressed� vividly in "The Boy", 70 00:05:26,599 --> 00:05:29,664 when the police come to take the child to the poorhouse. 71 00:05:56,502 --> 00:06:00,003 Chaplin escaped through the theater, He became a music hall comedian, 72 00:06:00,203 --> 00:06:04,071 and set sail for America on his first tour in 1910. 73 00:06:06,003 --> 00:06:10,518 Hitler was born into a middle class family on the border between Austria and Germany. 74 00:06:11,104 --> 00:06:13,827 He hated school and learned very little. 75 00:06:14,004 --> 00:06:15,757 But he was always a leader. 76 00:06:16,504 --> 00:06:18,085 His father was a cruel man, 77 00:06:18,205 --> 00:06:21,225 a customs officer who had married with one of her maids. 78 00:06:22,305 --> 00:06:26,028 His mother was probably the only woman Hitler loved. 79 00:06:26,163 --> 00:06:28,306 She protected him from his father. 80 00:06:29,306 --> 00:06:31,625 As soon as he could, went to Vienna, 81 00:06:31,706 --> 00:06:33,985 where I had hope to become an artist. 82 00:06:35,606 --> 00:06:39,122 The young Hitler refused to do something other than drawing, 83 00:06:39,511 --> 00:06:42,028 but he was considered competent without further ado. 84 00:06:43,307 --> 00:06:47,422 His failure in the entrance exam He left the Academy of Vienna undone. 85 00:06:48,508 --> 00:06:52,207 How different history would have been if they had accepted him. 86 00:06:54,402 --> 00:06:58,990 He lost his self-esteem and sank increasingly in the neighborhoods of old Vienna. 87 00:07:01,209 --> 00:07:04,167 He became a vagabond, sleeping outdoors. 88 00:07:06,809 --> 00:07:09,645 This welcome center in Vienna It probably saved his life. 89 00:07:09,880 --> 00:07:12,730 It was partly financed by Jewish charities. 90 00:07:14,110 --> 00:07:16,249 But men like Guido von List, 91 00:07:16,409 --> 00:07:19,070 infused Hitler hatred towards the Jews. 92 00:07:20,611 --> 00:07:23,238 List preached the superiority of the Aryans. 93 00:07:23,493 --> 00:07:26,378 Your symbol would become in Hitler's. 94 00:07:31,612 --> 00:07:34,427 Munich, August 1, 1914. 95 00:07:34,915 --> 00:07:37,666 Between cheering, a crowd celebrates the beginning of the war. 96 00:07:45,946 --> 00:07:48,096 The scene is recorded by a photographer. 97 00:07:48,331 --> 00:07:50,042 Among the crowd that photographs 98 00:07:50,502 --> 00:07:53,332 There is Hitler at 25 years old. 99 00:07:56,414 --> 00:07:59,487 It's not every day you see the birth of a legend. 100 00:08:00,215 --> 00:08:02,414 This crowd does not lend attention to the homeless, 101 00:08:02,526 --> 00:08:05,724 in his first appearance in public in 1914. 102 00:08:08,892 --> 00:08:11,852 A year later they will harass you wherever you go. 103 00:08:14,116 --> 00:08:18,346 Two years later, it will be the most famous man in the world. 104 00:08:20,583 --> 00:08:22,527 February, 1916. 105 00:08:22,757 --> 00:08:25,632 Chaplin signs with the Mutual Film Corporation... 106 00:08:25,740 --> 00:08:29,092 for the highest salary never paid to an interpreter. 107 00:08:29,284 --> 00:08:32,020 Standing behind, Sydney Chaplin. 108 00:08:33,585 --> 00:08:36,602 Hitler was earning 9 marks a week at the front. 109 00:08:36,977 --> 00:08:40,643 But he loved war, It gave meaning to his life. 110 00:08:40,885 --> 00:08:42,683 And he was still an artist. 111 00:08:43,086 --> 00:08:46,035 I designed this facade for a soldiers' cinema. 112 00:08:48,286 --> 00:08:50,505 Hitler had avoided the Austrian army... 113 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:53,067 due to his passion for Germany. 114 00:08:55,087 --> 00:08:57,027 Its supreme leader, the Kaiser, 115 00:08:57,172 --> 00:08:59,996 he is extremely jealous of Chaplin's popularity... 116 00:09:00,041 --> 00:09:02,192 in this caricature of the time. 117 00:09:03,588 --> 00:09:06,628 Charlie captured the Kaiser at the end of "Weapons on our shoulders." 118 00:09:07,088 --> 00:09:10,509 Chaplin's films did more for raising morale than anyone else. 119 00:09:10,744 --> 00:09:14,389 Peace on earth- good will towards all men. 120 00:09:21,390 --> 00:09:25,257 20 years later, Chaplin would return to stage the First World War... 121 00:09:25,391 --> 00:09:26,998 in "The Great Dictator", 122 00:09:27,033 --> 00:09:29,290 resuming it at the point where I had left it in "Armas al Shoulder", 123 00:09:29,490 --> 00:09:30,852 wearing a German uniform. 124 00:09:31,092 --> 00:09:33,491 The Great Bertha, a powerful cannon, 125 00:09:33,591 --> 00:09:35,958 was going to make his first appearance on the Western Front, 126 00:09:36,166 --> 00:09:38,584 terrorizing the enemy. 127 00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:40,735 75 miles away was their objective: 128 00:09:41,094 --> 00:09:43,072 Notre-Dame Cathedral. 129 00:09:43,207 --> 00:09:46,065 - Ready! - Fire! 130 00:09:55,593 --> 00:09:57,382 �He was the little man who... 131 00:09:57,593 --> 00:10:01,567 They carried him, and then he had to throw of the rope that fired it. 132 00:10:02,094 --> 00:10:06,194 He did it in such a funny way that I laughed out loud. 133 00:10:06,594 --> 00:10:08,924 I ruined the shot, and he was delighted. 134 00:10:09,035 --> 00:10:12,307 I thought he would be furious: "That cost me a fortune!" 135 00:10:12,917 --> 00:10:14,056 He loved it. 136 00:10:14,252 --> 00:10:20,578 He became an international figure during the First World War. 137 00:10:20,695 --> 00:10:23,633 While the German submarines They were sinking... 138 00:10:24,371 --> 00:10:26,132 ship convoys, 139 00:10:26,468 --> 00:10:30,417 in some way his movies They were circulating all over the world. 140 00:10:30,578 --> 00:10:34,905 It's as if there had been special convoys just to bring Chaplin's films to Europe. 141 00:10:35,597 --> 00:10:38,746 In front of formidable crowds throughout the United States, 142 00:10:38,997 --> 00:10:41,533 Chaplin participated in rallies by Liberty Bond. 143 00:10:42,182 --> 00:10:44,305 Many criticized him for not enlisting, 144 00:10:44,497 --> 00:10:47,659 but these rallies reported huge sums for the solidarity campaign. 145 00:10:50,198 --> 00:10:52,753 Appeared with Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks, 146 00:10:53,235 --> 00:10:55,146 with whom he had formed United Artists. 147 00:10:55,512 --> 00:10:59,105 Here, next to D.W. Griffith, They announce their independence. 148 00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:04,789 This gave Chaplin complete artistic freedom. 149 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:08,980 By then the war was over. 150 00:11:09,352 --> 00:11:12,979 A gas attack at the end of 1918 took Hitler to the hospital. 151 00:11:13,401 --> 00:11:17,977 While convalescing, he learned of the defeat of the German army on the Western Front. 152 00:11:18,201 --> 00:11:20,029 He felt completely betrayed. 153 00:11:20,591 --> 00:11:21,845 I didn't have a job to go back to, 154 00:11:22,102 --> 00:11:24,869 so, like many, He remained in the army. 155 00:11:26,374 --> 00:11:28,794 The revolutions of 1919 and 1920... 156 00:11:29,067 --> 00:11:31,701 they led to Hitler towards the Nazi Party. 157 00:11:33,703 --> 00:11:37,650 1921. Chaplin returns to London for the first time. 158 00:11:39,503 --> 00:11:41,754 The city he knew Like a young man mired in poverty, 159 00:11:41,966 --> 00:11:43,775 gives you an extraordinary welcome. 160 00:11:47,004 --> 00:11:49,851 But for Hitler, in Germany, The conditions were terrible. 161 00:11:50,104 --> 00:11:53,617 A financial collapse, when a slice bread cost a million marks, 162 00:11:53,805 --> 00:11:56,648 created ideal conditions for extremists. 163 00:12:00,005 --> 00:12:02,818 Hitler joined his former commander, General Ludendorff, 164 00:12:02,946 --> 00:12:04,401 in an attempt to seize power: 165 00:12:04,826 --> 00:12:07,329 the Munich putsch of 1923. 166 00:12:08,306 --> 00:12:12,626 I took him to prison, where he captured his political ideas in a book. 167 00:12:16,907 --> 00:12:21,831 Among the men who inspired him, was the Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. 168 00:12:24,908 --> 00:12:30,343 Fascism, in the 1920s, He was looked at with a certain admiration. 169 00:12:30,808 --> 00:12:34,709 Mussolini seemed to be drying out the swamps, 170 00:12:34,809 --> 00:12:38,437 eliminating the Mafia, making the trains arrive on time... 171 00:12:38,909 --> 00:12:42,421 Mussolini particularly impressed to businessmen. 172 00:12:43,110 --> 00:12:47,861 The crash of 1929 weakened the world's financial markets. 173 00:12:48,110 --> 00:12:51,029 Without him, Hitler would never have come to power. 174 00:12:51,110 --> 00:12:52,758 Brought chaos to Germany, 175 00:12:53,111 --> 00:12:56,229 and convinced many that democracy did not work. 176 00:12:58,911 --> 00:13:01,017 Germany was descending into anarchy. 177 00:13:01,212 --> 00:13:03,533 There were political fights in the street every day. 178 00:13:03,812 --> 00:13:07,428 The communists were fighting with the Nazis, and everyone with the police. 179 00:13:08,112 --> 00:13:10,174 People were looking for a strong leader. 180 00:13:12,513 --> 00:13:14,597 Hitler knew the value of movies, 181 00:13:14,713 --> 00:13:18,056 but he did not attract the public as a silent actor. 182 00:13:18,113 --> 00:13:21,414 Germany will remain free as a homeland. 183 00:13:22,614 --> 00:13:26,672 I remember watching a silent Hitler newsreel, 184 00:13:27,314 --> 00:13:29,280 and suddenly think: 185 00:13:30,114 --> 00:13:33,440 "This man seems absolutely ridiculous, 186 00:13:34,415 --> 00:13:39,596 as Chaplin would seem if I were playing that role." 187 00:13:40,215 --> 00:13:43,158 Hitler's luck changed with sound, 188 00:13:43,672 --> 00:13:47,271 launched in America two years earlier for a film made, ironically, 189 00:13:47,430 --> 00:13:49,589 by Jews about Jews. 190 00:13:50,316 --> 00:13:52,537 Talk films increased their audience, 191 00:13:52,717 --> 00:13:55,011 and he made them take him seriously. 192 00:13:55,255 --> 00:13:57,152 I don't believe that our adversaries... 193 00:13:57,504 --> 00:14:02,941 They laugh today as then. 194 00:14:03,649 --> 00:14:08,273 He clearly gained power as a speaker. 195 00:14:08,512 --> 00:14:13,081 It happened little by little and his enthusiasm grew. 196 00:14:13,161 --> 00:14:16,224 Perfected his talent, 197 00:14:16,384 --> 00:14:21,601 and even gave acting classes... 198 00:14:21,794 --> 00:14:24,207 to intensify its impact. 199 00:14:25,187 --> 00:14:27,946 Chaplin depended even more on gestures. 200 00:14:28,087 --> 00:14:32,033 He continued making silent films until he made "The Great Dictator", 201 00:14:32,087 --> 00:14:34,171 where he played Adenoid Hynkel. 202 00:14:58,690 --> 00:15:01,302 Soldiers, for Hynkel! 203 00:15:01,890 --> 00:15:04,531 He was a wonderful imitator. 204 00:15:04,658 --> 00:15:08,042 Could imitate almost any language just for the sound. 205 00:15:08,591 --> 00:15:11,712 There was a newsreel theater in Hollywood Boulevard, only for newscasts, 206 00:15:11,840 --> 00:15:13,460 that my father adored. 207 00:15:13,591 --> 00:15:15,620 Instead of watching some terrible movie, 208 00:15:15,700 --> 00:15:19,184 we went and watched for an hour and a half or two from newscasts. 209 00:15:19,319 --> 00:15:20,821 And that's where you see the most of these things. 210 00:15:21,238 --> 00:15:25,242 Chaplin considered Hitler one of the greatest actors I had ever seen. 211 00:16:18,969 --> 00:16:21,295 His Excellency has just referred to the Jews. 212 00:16:22,745 --> 00:16:24,961 Chaplin would also play to a Jewish barber, 213 00:16:25,040 --> 00:16:27,841 whose girlfriend in the movie, and woman in real life, 214 00:16:27,934 --> 00:16:30,213 she was half Jewish Paulette Goddard. 215 00:16:30,292 --> 00:16:31,630 How did you do it? 216 00:16:32,222 --> 00:16:34,891 The Nazis were convinced that Chaplin was Jewish. 217 00:16:34,995 --> 00:16:36,955 Chaplin never denied it. 218 00:16:38,900 --> 00:16:40,928 I thought he was Jewish. 219 00:16:41,063 --> 00:16:45,142 First of all, because I grew up thinking that all the fun people were Jewish. 220 00:16:49,601 --> 00:16:54,050 On his visit to Berlin in 1931, He met an enthusiastic crowd. 221 00:16:54,501 --> 00:16:58,457 The Nazis hated such a welcome. for a man they believed to be a Jew. 222 00:17:02,936 --> 00:17:05,603 Member of Hitler's inner circle. 223 00:17:06,603 --> 00:17:09,103 We knew he was Jewish, 224 00:17:09,103 --> 00:17:11,716 and we didn't want that. 225 00:17:11,843 --> 00:17:14,789 We knew he didn't like us, 226 00:17:15,142 --> 00:17:17,290 and that he had a lot of influence. 227 00:17:17,691 --> 00:17:20,704 The Nazis would later use these newsreels of Chaplin's visit... 228 00:17:20,804 --> 00:17:23,389 in his best-known propaganda film. 229 00:17:24,715 --> 00:17:29,338 On his visit to Berlin, the Jew Chaplin It was received with enthusiasm. 230 00:17:34,970 --> 00:17:37,591 It cannot be denied that a part of the German people... 231 00:17:37,689 --> 00:17:39,982 unexpectedly applauded to foreign Jews... 232 00:17:40,029 --> 00:17:43,244 arrived in Germany, the mortal enemies of their race. 233 00:17:43,932 --> 00:17:47,248 The Nazis published a book called "The Jews are watching you," 234 00:17:47,472 --> 00:17:51,189 in which Chaplin was described as "a nasty Jewish acrobat." 235 00:17:51,507 --> 00:17:54,441 A friend of Chaplin tripped with a copy in Berlin. 236 00:17:54,808 --> 00:17:58,709 I thought he had to take a look, 237 00:17:58,844 --> 00:18:00,341 and sent him a copy. 238 00:18:00,608 --> 00:18:02,599 Over the years, 239 00:18:03,555 --> 00:18:10,115 I often received congratulations from Charlie Christmas, telegrams, calls, 240 00:18:10,655 --> 00:18:12,275 but he only sent me a letter. 241 00:18:12,361 --> 00:18:16,051 It was a brief letter giving me thanks for the book. 242 00:18:16,668 --> 00:18:21,966 And I have always thought that very well could have contributed... 243 00:18:22,551 --> 00:18:25,917 to decide to make "The Great Dictator". 244 00:18:26,611 --> 00:18:30,238 Mussolini was also against of Chaplin, and would ban his films. 245 00:18:30,711 --> 00:18:34,758 Chaplin visited Venice on his European tour, waiting to meet the dictator. 246 00:18:37,912 --> 00:18:39,495 The meeting never took place. 247 00:18:40,112 --> 00:18:43,758 But a few years later he would parody it brilliantly in "The Great Dictator." 248 00:18:44,412 --> 00:18:46,791 It's coming! Quick, give me a flower! 249 00:18:47,342 --> 00:18:49,418 Remember, always before him, 250 00:18:49,530 --> 00:18:52,098 When entering or leaving, always the first. 251 00:18:57,814 --> 00:18:59,167 Hello, Hynky! 252 00:18:59,514 --> 00:19:03,182 One of the great moments from "The Great Dictator" 253 00:19:03,258 --> 00:19:06,969 is the role assignment from Mussolini to Jack Oakie. 254 00:19:07,232 --> 00:19:09,513 It seemed to me that people He was extremely excited about his arrival. 255 00:19:09,872 --> 00:19:12,300 Definitely. They like to see new faces. 256 00:19:13,215 --> 00:19:17,161 Oakie goes out to the balcony, He struts and sticks out his chin, 257 00:19:17,353 --> 00:19:19,471 and, my God, there is Mussolini. 258 00:19:20,038 --> 00:19:23,505 It was a masterful casting job. by Chaplin. 259 00:19:23,716 --> 00:19:25,917 �You can't treat people of Bacteria this way! 260 00:19:26,117 --> 00:19:29,639 "Catch" the Bacteria people and will tear it to pieces! �Like this�! 261 00:19:29,735 --> 00:19:31,484 Look what he's doing! 262 00:19:31,517 --> 00:19:34,075 It's an insult to my people! 263 00:19:35,400 --> 00:19:37,882 He's destroying the spaghetti! 264 00:19:37,984 --> 00:19:40,291 Either sign a treaty or go to war! 265 00:19:45,285 --> 00:19:47,166 But before satirizing dictators, 266 00:19:47,359 --> 00:19:51,784 Chaplin would direct his attention to the problems of the United States in the 1930s: 267 00:19:52,786 --> 00:19:55,739 strikes, lockouts, unemployment. 268 00:19:57,086 --> 00:20:00,361 Ford factories brought in troops to deal with the strikers. 269 00:20:02,987 --> 00:20:07,797 Henry Ford supported Hitler, and he was anti-Semitic and anti-unionist. 270 00:20:08,688 --> 00:20:11,593 When Chaplin made his first film openly political, 271 00:20:11,770 --> 00:20:15,214 The Great Chief had a considerable similar to Henry Ford. 272 00:20:23,358 --> 00:20:25,108 Stop beating around the bush, get back to work! 273 00:20:26,189 --> 00:20:27,412 Let's go! 274 00:20:29,690 --> 00:20:32,320 Henry Ford had invented the assembly line, 275 00:20:32,455 --> 00:20:34,592 which served as a trigger for Chaplin's satire. 276 00:20:44,591 --> 00:20:47,973 Attention, foreman! Chain 5. Check the tightness of the nuts. 277 00:20:48,228 --> 00:20:50,789 Loose nuts on chain 5. Attention, foreman! 278 00:20:52,084 --> 00:20:55,106 "Modern times" seemed to me then the best movie I had ever seen. 279 00:20:55,170 --> 00:20:57,562 And in fact, maybe it still seems like the best to me. 280 00:20:58,122 --> 00:21:01,457 The whole idea of ​​attacking capitalism, 281 00:21:01,654 --> 00:21:07,150 not only from an economic point of view or social, but also intensely human. 282 00:21:11,894 --> 00:21:15,833 I was talking about people that became part of the machinery, 283 00:21:16,068 --> 00:21:18,195 due to our great dependence on it. 284 00:21:19,095 --> 00:21:22,095 That's the movie where a red flag falls from a truck, 285 00:21:22,095 --> 00:21:24,467 and he is walking down the street and the manifestation comes behind, 286 00:21:24,564 --> 00:21:27,280 and the police arrive and beat him away. 287 00:21:28,504 --> 00:21:30,931 Brilliant, brilliant, brilliant ideas! 288 00:21:31,496 --> 00:21:33,145 And, God, the execution! 289 00:22:03,299 --> 00:22:07,384 There was a growing revolutionary feeling. 290 00:22:08,265 --> 00:22:10,600 People who had belonged to the respectable middle class, 291 00:22:10,952 --> 00:22:14,609 was actually breaking in in bakeries and stealing bread. 292 00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:17,681 It was extreme. 293 00:22:18,201 --> 00:22:21,022 The violence of industrial relations It was also extreme. 294 00:22:24,301 --> 00:22:27,137 Meanwhile, in Germany, Life was being transformed. 295 00:22:27,501 --> 00:22:32,834 As soon as Hitler came to power, the people He accepted the supremacy of the State over the individual. 296 00:22:34,413 --> 00:22:36,202 Women were awarded a secondary role, 297 00:22:36,402 --> 00:22:38,825 while men They were trained for war. 298 00:22:40,803 --> 00:22:43,918 Hitler tried to solve unemployment with large construction projects, 299 00:22:44,322 --> 00:22:46,382 like these pioneering highways. 300 00:22:47,903 --> 00:22:52,100 Hitler was admired because Their evils had not yet been seen, 301 00:22:52,212 --> 00:22:55,289 they had not begun to manifest. 302 00:22:55,424 --> 00:23:00,005 We saw that it contributed to remedying inflation... 303 00:23:00,105 --> 00:23:01,576 and gave jobs to people. 304 00:23:02,005 --> 00:23:06,805 He made the young people march with shovels on their shoulders, 305 00:23:07,005 --> 00:23:08,448 instead of rifles. 306 00:23:08,962 --> 00:23:13,783 I don't think anyone would want truly a dictator in our country, 307 00:23:13,991 --> 00:23:16,841 but when we looked at Hitler, we thought: 308 00:23:16,954 --> 00:23:21,793 "Maybe something like that could get us out of our depression." 309 00:23:23,420 --> 00:23:25,907 These concentrations in Nuremberg, Hitler told the world, 310 00:23:26,107 --> 00:23:28,415 they were for peace and freedom. 311 00:23:34,808 --> 00:23:38,084 I thought it was the most beautiful thing that I had ever seen. 312 00:23:39,209 --> 00:23:42,809 I have never seen anything so wonderful. 313 00:23:44,109 --> 00:23:47,465 And he screamed like anyone else. 314 00:23:48,010 --> 00:23:49,614 "Hey!" or whatever. 315 00:23:52,750 --> 00:23:56,281 I don't feel guilty about that. How can I feel guilty? I was 11 years old. 316 00:23:56,463 --> 00:24:00,306 What I found extraordinary It was the theater. 317 00:24:16,212 --> 00:24:19,298 In the mid-1930s, political leaders from around the world... 318 00:24:19,413 --> 00:24:23,835 they expressed their admiration for Hitler's amazing achievements. 319 00:24:31,414 --> 00:24:35,095 The anti-Jewish boycott would become part important part of Chaplin's film. 320 00:24:37,541 --> 00:24:42,220 The barber has lost his memory, and he knows nothing about the dictator's rise to power. 321 00:24:42,715 --> 00:24:46,040 The word "Jew" was hardly mentioned in American movies. 322 00:24:48,416 --> 00:24:50,196 Leave that alone! 323 00:24:51,016 --> 00:24:53,250 - Don't be stupid. - I'm not stupid! 324 00:24:53,285 --> 00:24:56,563 - I already realize it. -When you talk to me "Heil Hinkel" and greeting. 325 00:24:57,016 --> 00:24:58,524 Who are you, after all this? 326 00:25:00,483 --> 00:25:01,951 I will show you who I am! 327 00:25:04,384 --> 00:25:06,085 The emigration began. 328 00:25:06,220 --> 00:25:09,179 Many Jews left towards the land of opportunities. 329 00:25:10,251 --> 00:25:13,085 You will not enter! 330 00:25:13,185 --> 00:25:18,185 Our unemployment problem It has been transferred to us from abroad. 331 00:25:18,594 --> 00:25:25,217 And if we had refused admission of 16,500,000 foreigners, 332 00:25:25,345 --> 00:25:29,323 the serious problem of unemployment that harasses us would not exist. 333 00:25:33,187 --> 00:25:36,787 The German-American Federation held massive rallies at Madison Square Garden... 334 00:25:36,887 --> 00:25:39,287 before audiences of 20,000 people. 335 00:25:39,987 --> 00:25:42,714 They followed exactly the line of the Nazi Party. 336 00:25:43,688 --> 00:25:45,988 Anti-Semitism in America was so widespread, 337 00:25:46,121 --> 00:25:49,610 there were many possibilities that fascism triumphed in the United States. 338 00:25:51,389 --> 00:25:55,119 About 100 organizations They published anti-Semitic literature like this one. 339 00:25:56,489 --> 00:25:59,151 It is not strange that the theme out of difficult discussion. 340 00:25:59,489 --> 00:26:02,390 "The Jews desecrate our Christmas" I know some Jews, 341 00:26:02,803 --> 00:26:07,839 They thought I was causing trouble, 342 00:26:07,874 --> 00:26:09,763 that those things should not be talked about. 343 00:26:10,290 --> 00:26:14,333 Because there was certainly the feeling... 344 00:26:14,990 --> 00:26:18,714 within what we could call the Jewish establishment, 345 00:26:19,587 --> 00:26:23,950 that those things They would bring more problems. 346 00:26:24,392 --> 00:26:28,657 There were congressional investigations... 347 00:26:28,892 --> 00:26:33,081 about the influence of the Jews in the movies. 348 00:26:33,316 --> 00:26:36,554 It is incredible what happened in this country. 349 00:26:36,894 --> 00:26:41,138 The producers, if you review the films that were made in the 30s, 350 00:26:41,221 --> 00:26:47,694 until the end of the 30s, They didn't want to create problems, 351 00:26:47,794 --> 00:26:50,715 because they were still doing money in Germany 352 00:26:50,844 --> 00:26:54,116 They were making money in Italy, 353 00:26:54,356 --> 00:27:00,174 and the most important thing was the benefits, not the principles. 354 00:27:00,895 --> 00:27:04,096 Hitler in particular saw all the American movies he could. 355 00:27:04,816 --> 00:27:09,413 He was a movie lover. It was what he liked the most. 356 00:27:09,521 --> 00:27:12,373 He liked it a lot... 357 00:27:12,610 --> 00:27:14,287 "Three Bengal lancers." 358 00:27:15,167 --> 00:27:19,636 And of course... 359 00:27:21,468 --> 00:27:24,070 the films with Greta Garbo. 360 00:27:24,565 --> 00:27:28,098 He would have liked to receive her with honors in Berlin. 361 00:27:28,598 --> 00:27:30,401 Propaganda Minister Goebbels... 362 00:27:30,902 --> 00:27:33,548 I would have preferred German films for the German public, 363 00:27:33,995 --> 00:27:36,693 but they liked American movies as much as Hitler. 364 00:27:36,899 --> 00:27:38,820 Goebbels secured a steady supply. 365 00:27:39,536 --> 00:27:42,324 Hitler would see things like "The Hound of the Baskervilles", 366 00:27:42,757 --> 00:27:44,451 and would even record your opinion. 367 00:27:45,283 --> 00:27:47,964 Those films he didn't like They were often prohibited. 368 00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:52,723 MGM's Louis B. Meyer I used to show those movies... 369 00:27:53,601 --> 00:27:56,892 accompanied by the German consul, 370 00:27:57,348 --> 00:28:02,702 and was willing to remove things to which the Nazi consul objected. 371 00:28:02,966 --> 00:28:06,057 The problem with Hollywood, As I usually tell my friends, 372 00:28:06,248 --> 00:28:08,888 It's just that you live in the company of cowards. 373 00:28:08,923 --> 00:28:12,130 They will not rise up in defense of anything. They pretend they do, 374 00:28:12,242 --> 00:28:15,979 but when the collection goes down, they fade away. 375 00:28:16,206 --> 00:28:18,313 Walter Wanger made a film called "Block", 376 00:28:18,473 --> 00:28:22,090 whose theme was evidently the Spanish Civil War, 377 00:28:22,278 --> 00:28:27,096 but I never mentioned Spain o Franco or the Civil War, 378 00:28:27,632 --> 00:28:33,696 because it was thought that this would complicate your acceptance... 379 00:28:34,172 --> 00:28:36,522 in many countries. 380 00:28:37,005 --> 00:28:39,805 Henry Fonda played the role main in "Block". 381 00:28:40,105 --> 00:28:43,887 I remember the last sentence of the movie. 382 00:28:45,106 --> 00:28:47,547 He turned directly towards the camera, 383 00:28:48,144 --> 00:28:51,997 and looking at us with those big eyes of his, 384 00:28:52,321 --> 00:28:54,978 He said: "Where is the conscience of the world?" 385 00:28:57,240 --> 00:29:00,945 The Anschluss. Germany unites with Austria, 1938. 386 00:29:00,980 --> 00:29:04,008 The last time Hitler had been in Vienna He was a poor boy of solemnity. 387 00:29:11,209 --> 00:29:15,549 As leader and chancellor of Germany, 388 00:29:16,284 --> 00:29:23,238 I welcome the German Reich to my homeland. 389 00:29:25,610 --> 00:29:28,129 It was three days after the Anschluss. 390 00:29:28,164 --> 00:29:33,107 I was walking down the street with my best friend, 391 00:29:33,611 --> 00:29:36,977 and I stumbled upon this group... 392 00:29:37,211 --> 00:29:43,223 of various gentlemen and ladies middle-aged, all obviously... 393 00:29:44,012 --> 00:29:46,610 upper class citizens. 394 00:29:47,312 --> 00:29:51,806 They were on their knees, cleaning the pavement with toothbrushes. 395 00:29:53,113 --> 00:29:59,254 There were many Viennese laughing and mocking them. 396 00:30:02,214 --> 00:30:07,711 It was something that could have come out from "The Great Dictator" perfectly, 397 00:30:07,814 --> 00:30:10,986 because one almost laughed how terrible it was. 398 00:30:32,117 --> 00:30:34,684 On a background of aggression and pacification, 399 00:30:34,717 --> 00:30:37,787 Chaplin announced his film in October 1938. 400 00:30:38,214 --> 00:30:41,960 The British, concerned about not offending to Hitler, they said they would ban it. 401 00:30:42,368 --> 00:30:45,263 To general astonishment, Chaplin continued forward. 402 00:30:45,585 --> 00:30:49,147 All my friends, many of whom were Jews, like me, 403 00:30:49,702 --> 00:30:55,731 they had the impression that a comic David had emerged... 404 00:30:56,886 --> 00:30:58,838 to fight Goliath. 405 00:30:59,670 --> 00:31:01,511 And we could only be happy. 406 00:31:02,486 --> 00:31:05,774 Kristallnacht, November 9, 1938. 407 00:31:05,991 --> 00:31:09,259 The Nazis unleash a wave of violence against Jews. 408 00:31:13,187 --> 00:31:16,493 If international Jewish financiers... 409 00:31:16,637 --> 00:31:19,551 They will manage to precipitate the nations again... 410 00:31:19,744 --> 00:31:24,853 to a world war, then the result would not be... 411 00:31:24,949 --> 00:31:28,683 the bolshevisation of the land or a Jewish victory, 412 00:31:28,781 --> 00:31:32,002 but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe. 413 00:31:35,690 --> 00:31:40,373 There was a great movement afoot among Jewish Hollywood producers, 414 00:31:40,864 --> 00:31:42,866 to stop Chaplin's film. 415 00:31:43,090 --> 00:31:44,749 Many came to him and said: 416 00:31:44,913 --> 00:31:48,691 "Charlie, you're going to hurt me terribly to our people there, 417 00:31:48,791 --> 00:31:51,114 "the film is going to enrage Hitler." 418 00:31:51,791 --> 00:31:54,732 To which Charlie replied: "I don't care if he's angry," 419 00:31:54,812 --> 00:31:58,100 "it can't be worse than it is." 420 00:31:58,892 --> 00:32:02,585 I came to think there would be problems to release the film. 421 00:32:03,098 --> 00:32:06,893 They were telling him: "This is a disaster, Charlie," 422 00:32:07,293 --> 00:32:10,971 "not only for the Jews but for American foreign policy." 423 00:32:11,083 --> 00:32:13,454 Charlie was starting to get a little scared. 424 00:32:14,093 --> 00:32:16,126 Roosevelt found out about this, 425 00:32:16,409 --> 00:32:20,840 and sent Harry Hopkins to talk to Charlie. 426 00:32:21,494 --> 00:32:26,203 Hopkins said, "Look, Charlie, The President is completely in favor." 427 00:32:27,095 --> 00:32:30,347 "You don't have to worry why boycott the premiere, 428 00:32:30,429 --> 00:32:32,389 "He will see to it that it is released." 429 00:32:32,598 --> 00:32:36,306 "I think this is something very important, and that you must move forward, 430 00:32:36,386 --> 00:32:40,146 "and don't listen to any of these people who try to dissuade you." 431 00:32:46,697 --> 00:32:50,497 In April 1939, Hitler celebrated his 50th birthday... 432 00:32:50,897 --> 00:32:53,794 with one of the biggest parades soldiers of History. 433 00:32:58,598 --> 00:33:03,023 For the first time since 1919, The tanks crossed Berlin. 434 00:33:05,934 --> 00:33:09,363 Chaplin celebrated his birthday working on the script. 435 00:33:09,799 --> 00:33:13,297 He said he wanted to make a premiere in Berlin to benefit the Fuehrer. 436 00:33:14,099 --> 00:33:17,286 Chaplin saw the Russians as the only hope of defeating Nazism. 437 00:33:18,200 --> 00:33:21,454 But, to his horror, in August, The unthinkable happened: 438 00:33:22,100 --> 00:33:25,172 the Nazis signed a pact with the Soviet Union. 439 00:33:25,207 --> 00:33:27,601 I think the great phrase was: 440 00:33:27,701 --> 00:33:33,301 "Russia will not take the chestnuts out of the fire of England and France." 441 00:33:34,101 --> 00:33:36,877 That was the great rationalization of the pact. 442 00:33:37,202 --> 00:33:40,376 So the particular atmosphere What I found was... 443 00:33:40,633 --> 00:33:43,722 of tragedy or calamity. The end of the world. 444 00:33:46,403 --> 00:33:48,088 The victory parade in Warsaw. 445 00:33:48,747 --> 00:33:50,996 Germany and Russia had divided Poland. 446 00:33:51,522 --> 00:33:54,751 England and France had declared him the war against Hitler. 447 00:33:58,604 --> 00:34:02,087 Chaplin started working and his brother Sydney to film it. 448 00:34:02,690 --> 00:34:04,469 A sound system was installed, 449 00:34:04,721 --> 00:34:07,584 and the ghetto set was built in his Hollywood studio. 450 00:34:09,005 --> 00:34:11,960 The financing did not come from Hollywood studios, 451 00:34:12,216 --> 00:34:14,768 but entirely from Chaplin himself. 452 00:34:16,206 --> 00:34:19,653 Filming in the ghetto began on September 9, 1939, 453 00:34:19,688 --> 00:34:22,570 six days after the explosion of World War II, 454 00:34:22,606 --> 00:34:24,948 under conditions of strict secrecy. 455 00:35:21,912 --> 00:35:23,212 Chaplin didn't know... 456 00:35:23,312 --> 00:35:26,361 that things for the Jews were even worse than he had shown them. 457 00:35:26,713 --> 00:35:29,420 However, he took a lot of risks with his film. 458 00:35:29,884 --> 00:35:32,474 He did something very daring, without a doubt. 459 00:35:32,603 --> 00:35:39,621 Satirize the Jews, and Hitler, and Mussolini, 460 00:35:41,314 --> 00:35:46,117 and make a sad comedy, It's almost tragic. 461 00:35:47,415 --> 00:35:51,162 The comic element: you discover yourself about something you don't want to laugh at. 462 00:35:52,015 --> 00:35:54,767 You will finish this first. Take. 463 00:35:56,616 --> 00:35:58,042 Come on, paint that! 464 00:36:24,785 --> 00:36:29,359 Although it was a comedy, Chaplin forced his public to confront Nazi brutality. 465 00:36:41,787 --> 00:36:45,337 Chaplin was proud of the equipment he used for the first time. 466 00:36:46,113 --> 00:36:50,131 He called his friend Lewis Milestone and said: "You have to come here." 467 00:36:50,589 --> 00:36:55,388 "There is something very important that I want to show you. "You have to come." 468 00:36:55,488 --> 00:36:58,780 Milestone went and my father said to him: "Look at this, look at this." 469 00:36:58,857 --> 00:37:03,389 Milestone saw that he had a crane that raised the camera and moved it above... 470 00:37:03,819 --> 00:37:05,414 He said, "What do you think of that?" 471 00:37:05,449 --> 00:37:08,412 Milestone said: "Charlie, "They've been doing that for years." 472 00:37:09,190 --> 00:37:12,444 In his own studio, Chaplin He was also a dictator, 473 00:37:12,679 --> 00:37:14,534 but, generally, benevolent. 474 00:37:14,790 --> 00:37:19,591 I could always separate the Little Man, as he called himself, 475 00:37:19,691 --> 00:37:25,191 of your daily life, because It was very different in person, 476 00:37:25,291 --> 00:37:28,436 of what it was like on the screen. 477 00:37:28,592 --> 00:37:35,381 But with "The Great Dictator" it began to give themselves more and more importance. 478 00:37:35,792 --> 00:37:40,856 I found it very funny, because when he put on the uniform, 479 00:37:40,891 --> 00:37:44,435 I put my gut in... 480 00:37:44,693 --> 00:37:48,494 and he groomed himself a little, always looking in the mirror... 481 00:37:48,594 --> 00:37:51,226 to check that everything was perfect. 482 00:37:51,369 --> 00:37:57,170 He was not a conceited man, but It certainly was during filming. 483 00:37:57,205 --> 00:37:59,610 Your Excellency is ready going down the stairs. 484 00:38:05,958 --> 00:38:08,673 Your Excellency! Has he been hurt? 485 00:38:22,143 --> 00:38:24,766 That was what was so interesting. 486 00:38:24,880 --> 00:38:27,589 Everyone who was in the film dressed in uniform, 487 00:38:27,781 --> 00:38:30,506 that were important, along with Charlie, 488 00:38:30,619 --> 00:38:32,467 They lived their role. 489 00:38:32,564 --> 00:38:35,035 They thought it was just wonderful. 490 00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:38,270 - He's going to take Austerlich! - I can't believe it. 491 00:38:40,399 --> 00:38:42,755 You can't believe it! 492 00:38:45,341 --> 00:38:47,097 You've let him steal the invasion from us! 493 00:38:50,477 --> 00:38:53,931 If he didn't like something, he did it over and over again. 494 00:38:56,300 --> 00:38:59,540 And then he would come back a week later, and he did it again. 495 00:39:02,901 --> 00:39:04,400 Which he could do because it was his money. 496 00:39:06,401 --> 00:39:08,373 He was a perfectionist. 497 00:39:10,364 --> 00:39:12,715 Which is wonderful, but very few people can do it. 498 00:39:14,322 --> 00:39:17,923 He felt very arrogant, very grandiose. 499 00:39:18,158 --> 00:39:20,908 And he behaved like that all the time. 500 00:39:21,544 --> 00:39:23,846 He was a different person. 501 00:39:23,962 --> 00:39:27,453 I'm surrounded by stenographers incompetent, stupid and sterile. 502 00:39:27,565 --> 00:39:29,668 - I'll bring you a pen. - Don't bother. 503 00:39:30,004 --> 00:39:31,159 I won't send it. 504 00:39:32,104 --> 00:39:33,605 Out, out, out! 505 00:39:34,604 --> 00:39:37,847 Not even Chaplin's imagination nor the resources of Hollywood, 506 00:39:37,907 --> 00:39:42,198 they could duplicate the great design by Albert Speer for the Reich Chancellery. 507 00:39:44,505 --> 00:39:49,037 But in photos from Hitler's studio, Chaplin noticed something he would take advantage of. 508 00:39:54,006 --> 00:39:55,748 Others stated that the idea It belonged to them, 509 00:39:55,891 --> 00:40:00,481 but its origins can be found in a home movie from 1928. 510 00:40:01,607 --> 00:40:04,593 Chaplin was being silly for his guests, as he often did, 511 00:40:04,753 --> 00:40:07,107 when it suddenly occurred to him this strange idea... 512 00:40:07,207 --> 00:40:10,425 with a balloon and a German helmet. 513 00:40:16,399 --> 00:40:19,501 Perfectly summed up the ambition of the deified F�hrer. 514 00:40:19,740 --> 00:40:23,597 But, as Picturegoer said, "when Chaplin finishes his film, 515 00:40:23,710 --> 00:40:26,642 we may all have forgotten Whose Hitler was." 516 00:40:27,809 --> 00:40:29,574 "They are the soldiers, They are coming for you! 517 00:40:29,710 --> 00:40:31,810 - You better go up to the roof. - No, I'll stay here. 518 00:40:31,810 --> 00:40:34,395 - Come on, they'll kill you! - I will stay and fight! 519 00:40:34,610 --> 00:40:37,911 Don't be stupid, do you want to be killed? Get up to the roof, quick! 520 00:40:38,011 --> 00:40:39,676 Come on, come on! 521 00:40:39,811 --> 00:40:43,111 Bravely, Chaplin pushes aside his camera of the obvious... 522 00:40:43,211 --> 00:40:45,657 and shows us this symbolic plane. 523 00:40:47,411 --> 00:40:49,267 �Break the door! Come on! 524 00:40:53,270 --> 00:40:54,938 �Where are the bombs? 525 00:40:56,012 --> 00:40:57,172 �Let her go! 526 00:41:13,214 --> 00:41:14,835 Goodbye barber shop. 527 00:41:17,714 --> 00:41:19,663 It doesn't matter, we can start again. 528 00:41:20,015 --> 00:41:22,615 We can go to Austerlich, It is still a free country. 529 00:41:25,215 --> 00:41:27,058 The bulk of the filming it had just finished... 530 00:41:27,505 --> 00:41:29,425 when Hitler launched his Blitzkrieg. 531 00:41:31,616 --> 00:41:32,754 France fell in a month, 532 00:41:33,416 --> 00:41:35,331 Denmark in a matter of hours. 533 00:41:37,616 --> 00:41:41,275 Chaplin was so horrified that I considered not making the film known. 534 00:41:42,184 --> 00:41:45,905 This newsreel shows Hitler at the moment in which he receives the news of the fall of France. 535 00:41:46,584 --> 00:41:49,984 Chaplin said: "It's a horrible threat to civilization, 536 00:41:50,084 --> 00:41:51,954 more than someone to laugh at." 537 00:41:52,385 --> 00:41:55,906 I thought it was a terrible thing, 538 00:41:56,718 --> 00:41:58,861 make a comedy film about him. 539 00:41:59,185 --> 00:42:01,864 There are two things that are very dangerous: 540 00:42:02,782 --> 00:42:07,031 associate humor with people like that... 541 00:42:07,756 --> 00:42:09,348 and minimize them. 542 00:42:09,786 --> 00:42:16,165 Comedy is the best way to attack a totalitarian regime. 543 00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:17,918 They can't stand it. 544 00:42:17,953 --> 00:42:20,947 And that gives people the possibility to laugh too. 545 00:42:20,982 --> 00:42:23,460 You can't stay bitter forever. 546 00:42:23,488 --> 00:42:28,795 There were people who survived Buchenwald thanks to his sense of humor. 547 00:42:28,930 --> 00:42:31,608 With courage you cannot achieve, with laughter yes. 548 00:42:31,789 --> 00:42:34,901 This was going to be part of Chaplin's original ending, 549 00:42:34,936 --> 00:42:37,117 on which I had started working months before: 550 00:42:37,489 --> 00:42:41,153 soldiers getting rid of their weapons and joining in a popular dance. 551 00:42:44,690 --> 00:42:47,515 The sequence required hundreds of actors and technicians. 552 00:42:48,790 --> 00:42:51,312 Here Chaplin rehearses the opening: 553 00:42:51,585 --> 00:42:53,061 his own arrival. 554 00:42:53,291 --> 00:42:56,864 Obsessively rehearse the same gesture over and over again, 555 00:42:56,939 --> 00:42:58,407 trying to make it perfect, 556 00:42:58,884 --> 00:43:01,173 while the camera rotates all the time. 557 00:43:04,592 --> 00:43:08,376 He repeats it with doubles to be able observe it from the camera. 558 00:43:12,093 --> 00:43:14,288 But he realizes that The sequence doesn't work. 559 00:43:14,793 --> 00:43:17,444 Take out your frustration in the assistant director, 560 00:43:17,593 --> 00:43:20,420 but know that what doesn't work It is something more fundamental. 561 00:43:28,794 --> 00:43:31,541 With this form, I would leave abandoned the sequence. 562 00:43:32,458 --> 00:43:36,614 He realizes that the end You have to focus on your own speech, 563 00:43:36,895 --> 00:43:40,024 what will he pronounce� not like the dictator nor like the barber, 564 00:43:40,297 --> 00:43:41,380 but as himself, 565 00:43:41,896 --> 00:43:43,508 Charlie Chaplin. 566 00:43:45,913 --> 00:43:49,510 Hitler's attack on France gave him strength to rewrite his speech, 567 00:43:49,596 --> 00:43:53,060 which would be a calling to freedom and sanity. 568 00:43:53,697 --> 00:43:57,870 It had been filming for 458 days when he was ready to film it. 569 00:43:58,697 --> 00:44:02,422 At dusk of the day on which Chaplin He was making his plea for freedom, 570 00:44:02,768 --> 00:44:06,830 Hitler majestically entered Paris to see his most recent conquest. 571 00:44:13,899 --> 00:44:17,871 On his return to Berlin, the Führer He was welcomed with a carpet of flowers. 572 00:44:19,699 --> 00:44:21,429 He was at the height of his power, 573 00:44:21,573 --> 00:44:24,392 having achieved their victories at incredible speed. 574 00:44:25,100 --> 00:44:26,371 Chaplin's son said: 575 00:44:26,578 --> 00:44:29,874 "I wish Charlie could move as fast as Hitler." 576 00:44:33,701 --> 00:44:35,796 But Chaplin still He was not happy with his film, 577 00:44:36,036 --> 00:44:38,127 and I was still filming things again. 578 00:44:39,601 --> 00:44:42,866 The ghetto stage had been dismantled, so he rebuilt it. 579 00:44:45,102 --> 00:44:50,160 I spent months re-shooting, riding and burn until finally, 580 00:44:50,371 --> 00:44:54,776 after 559 days of work, The shooting sheet said: "no rushes", 581 00:44:55,023 --> 00:44:57,453 "do not film", "do not record"... 582 00:44:58,013 --> 00:45:00,435 It was ready to show his film to the world. 583 00:45:00,528 --> 00:45:01,968 "Chaplin discovers the veil that hides the "Dictator" 584 00:45:02,404 --> 00:45:05,538 The film was released in two cinemas on Broadway at the same time, 585 00:45:05,921 --> 00:45:08,362 with the attendance of such a multitude of celebrities, 586 00:45:08,491 --> 00:45:10,937 that the event was celebrated with a special drawing. 587 00:45:20,405 --> 00:45:22,533 �He was going to appear, we knew it. There was... 588 00:45:22,646 --> 00:45:24,025 ...lots of ads. 589 00:45:24,893 --> 00:45:27,209 And the number of people was tremendous. 590 00:45:37,473 --> 00:45:39,049 He received an absolute ovation. 591 00:45:39,130 --> 00:45:42,734 People stood up, applauded... He requested Chaplin's presence. 592 00:45:44,808 --> 00:45:49,730 Here this man had declared himself against Hitler. 593 00:45:50,808 --> 00:45:56,897 It was like the biggest angel of the calendar... 594 00:45:56,932 --> 00:45:59,453 would have positioned itself suddenly. 595 00:45:59,809 --> 00:46:04,159 It was such a brilliant tour de force that... 596 00:46:04,407 --> 00:46:11,557 I think I blinded people to to what he was saying or not. 597 00:46:11,811 --> 00:46:14,740 When you think of a movie which starts with... 598 00:46:15,408 --> 00:46:17,345 Big Bertha defecating, 599 00:46:18,510 --> 00:46:22,222 and end that speech looking at camera, 600 00:46:22,318 --> 00:46:23,942 On the first occasion he spoke, 601 00:46:24,039 --> 00:46:30,315 when you think about the emotional arc that covers that movie, 602 00:46:32,613 --> 00:46:34,170 It's a miracle. 603 00:46:34,813 --> 00:46:36,443 You have to talk. 604 00:46:37,813 --> 00:46:41,614 -Can't. - You have to do it. It's our only hope. 605 00:46:44,214 --> 00:46:45,288 Hope. 606 00:47:15,084 --> 00:47:17,435 The ending does not appear as an abrupt thing. 607 00:47:17,617 --> 00:47:21,384 He builds it with so much care, prepares you with so much care... 608 00:47:21,684 --> 00:47:24,785 to take your feelings to another level, 609 00:47:24,885 --> 00:47:28,278 I'm not saying that laughter isn't a feeling, it's a tremendous feeling, 610 00:47:28,285 --> 00:47:31,445 but it frees us from the feeling of laughter, 611 00:47:31,542 --> 00:47:36,259 and slowly let it be another emotion emerges. 612 00:47:36,886 --> 00:47:41,864 I'm sorry, but I don't want to be an emperor. That's not my thing. 613 00:47:42,586 --> 00:47:44,847 I don't want to rule or conquer anyone. 614 00:47:44,987 --> 00:47:49,808 I would like to help everyone if possible, Jews, Gentiles, blacks, whites. 615 00:47:50,287 --> 00:47:53,470 We all want to help each other. Human beings are like that. 616 00:47:53,587 --> 00:47:56,474 Live for happiness and not for the misery of others. 617 00:47:56,788 --> 00:47:59,107 We do not want to hate or despise each other each other. 618 00:47:59,242 --> 00:48:02,124 In this world there is room for everyone, The kind Earth is rich... 619 00:48:02,284 --> 00:48:03,920 and can guarantee the subsistence of all. 620 00:48:04,188 --> 00:48:06,100 I cried at the end. 621 00:48:06,135 --> 00:48:08,820 For me it was something that had to be said. 622 00:48:10,589 --> 00:48:13,089 If it was unartistic, it was unartistic, I don't care. 623 00:48:13,789 --> 00:48:15,604 Nothing has to be perfect. 624 00:48:15,790 --> 00:48:19,525 Then it seemed maudlin, sentimental, 625 00:48:19,716 --> 00:48:22,256 But in the context of the nuclear age, 626 00:48:22,513 --> 00:48:26,460 I think it has great resonance, a lot of strength 627 00:48:26,878 --> 00:48:29,296 The path of life can be free and beautiful, 628 00:48:29,691 --> 00:48:31,373 but we have lost it. 629 00:48:31,791 --> 00:48:34,154 Envy has poisoned the souls of men, 630 00:48:34,391 --> 00:48:36,435 has raised barricades of hate around the world, 631 00:48:36,643 --> 00:48:39,247 has taken us at a goose pace to misery and bloodshed. 632 00:48:39,519 --> 00:48:42,761 We have improved the speed, but we are slaves to it. 633 00:48:42,792 --> 00:48:45,533 The mechanization that brings abundance It has left us in need. 634 00:48:45,705 --> 00:48:49,500 Our science has made us cynical, our intelligence, hard and brutal. 635 00:48:49,593 --> 00:48:52,252 We think too much and feel too little. 636 00:48:52,393 --> 00:48:55,069 More than machines we need humanity. 637 00:48:55,204 --> 00:48:56,894 At the end of this speech, 638 00:48:56,994 --> 00:49:00,422 dares to remind you that You don't have to keep killing, 639 00:49:00,645 --> 00:49:02,948 you don't have to be totalitarian, 640 00:49:03,140 --> 00:49:08,381 you can make a deal with the worst people of the world. Somehow you must. 641 00:49:08,695 --> 00:49:10,541 And that's what he did. 642 00:49:10,595 --> 00:49:14,249 And many people filled with violence, 643 00:49:14,564 --> 00:49:17,145 He was bothered by the fact that someone I would like peace. 644 00:49:19,296 --> 00:49:21,663 Chaplin said he would never would have made "The Great Dictator"... 645 00:49:21,763 --> 00:49:24,520 to have completely known Hitler's horrible crimes. 646 00:49:24,997 --> 00:49:27,188 Millions of people were grateful that he had done it. 647 00:49:30,297 --> 00:49:32,255 Chaplin makes us cry, 648 00:49:32,397 --> 00:49:36,697 because it reminds us of the potential of humanity. 649 00:49:36,998 --> 00:49:40,063 lighting a lantern and keeping it aside... 650 00:49:40,398 --> 00:49:43,074 While humanity destroys itself, 651 00:49:43,185 --> 00:49:47,999 and being there when the war ends to turn the lantern back on, 652 00:49:48,099 --> 00:49:50,674 and give us hope for the future. 653 00:49:54,700 --> 00:49:59,194 During the London Blitz, the premiere of the film generated an enthusiastic reaction. 654 00:50:01,500 --> 00:50:05,649 "The best propaganda film for the English since the start of the war," someone said. 655 00:50:05,901 --> 00:50:08,136 "The best encouragement we could receive." 656 00:50:09,001 --> 00:50:12,396 The film was going to become Chaplin's greatest commercial success. 657 00:50:12,501 --> 00:50:16,864 Although it was banned throughout Europe, in parts of South America, and even in Ireland. 658 00:50:17,702 --> 00:50:19,294 But did Hitler see it? 659 00:50:20,102 --> 00:50:21,889 At the end of the war he was in Berlin, 660 00:50:22,476 --> 00:50:29,032 gathering photographic evidence for war crimes trial 661 00:50:29,343 --> 00:50:31,504 which was being prepared in Nuremberg. 662 00:50:31,803 --> 00:50:36,604 But while I was doing it, I looked for the file of the films that... 663 00:50:36,704 --> 00:50:39,859 Hitler had ordered the project. 664 00:50:40,604 --> 00:50:42,966 And this is the truth, I'm not lying. 665 00:50:43,704 --> 00:50:45,689 Order to project "The Great Dictator." 666 00:50:46,205 --> 00:50:51,710 And then he reordered it a day later or so. 667 00:50:53,247 --> 00:50:55,830 It's obvious to me that Hitler had them put it on, 668 00:50:55,925 --> 00:51:01,876 and he laughed with her. Hitler was not boring. 669 00:51:02,516 --> 00:51:06,035 I can imagine Hitler laughing heartily at the scene... 670 00:51:06,131 --> 00:51:18,632 in which he and Mussolini They are at the barbershop. 671 00:51:18,660 --> 00:51:23,070 Hitler was not a killjoy, and within his inner circle... 672 00:51:23,165 --> 00:51:27,567 He could certainly laugh at jokes like these. 673 00:51:27,909 --> 00:51:30,440 The German public did not see the film during the war, 674 00:51:30,732 --> 00:51:33,593 but the German army does. Once. 675 00:51:33,909 --> 00:51:37,757 In busy Belgrade, working with 17 years in film shipping, 676 00:51:38,172 --> 00:51:40,664 Nikola Radosevic discovered a copy. 677 00:51:41,784 --> 00:51:47,604 We had planned cultural sabotage. I belonged... 678 00:51:47,833 --> 00:51:52,561 to the Blue Ribbon, but we never use weapons... 679 00:51:52,706 --> 00:51:57,542 against the German soldiers, just fun. 680 00:51:58,237 --> 00:52:01,269 We wanted Hitler to hear... 681 00:52:01,413 --> 00:52:03,923 what Chaplin thought of him. 682 00:52:04,312 --> 00:52:08,654 Nikola replaced the German film that The soldiers were going to see Chaplin's film. 683 00:52:09,138 --> 00:52:14,113 At first, people didn't realize... 684 00:52:14,213 --> 00:52:16,217 of what was happening. 685 00:52:16,709 --> 00:52:20,778 But after 40 minutes, 686 00:52:21,265 --> 00:52:27,285 An SS man took out his gun and shot... 687 00:52:27,397 --> 00:52:34,665 to the screen. The others ran out of the room, 688 00:52:34,761 --> 00:52:41,158 because something was happening against Hitler. 689 00:52:43,116 --> 00:52:47,493 1945. The last images of Hitler before his suicide. 690 00:52:57,885 --> 00:52:59,994 Hitler's world lies in ruins. 691 00:53:00,985 --> 00:53:03,369 When the Russians entered in the Reich Chancellery, 692 00:53:03,604 --> 00:53:05,487 they only found rubble. 693 00:53:06,185 --> 00:53:09,023 But one object remained intact. 694 00:53:15,486 --> 00:53:17,017 With "The Great Dictator", 695 00:53:17,209 --> 00:53:20,487 Chaplin had given strength to millions through the power of laughter, 696 00:53:20,787 --> 00:53:24,198 in a time when the world It was covered by darkness and madness. 697 00:53:26,287 --> 00:53:28,384 Despite his appeal to sanity, 698 00:53:28,488 --> 00:53:33,072 the political climate of the McCarthy era forced him to go into exile. 699 00:53:33,788 --> 00:53:37,775 In 1952 he was expelled from the United States. 700 00:53:40,489 --> 00:53:43,125 But a country was going to receive him back with open arms. 701 00:53:43,489 --> 00:53:48,436 Now the train enters Waterloo station, not far from Chaplin's birthplace. 702 00:53:48,590 --> 00:53:50,825 And what a great reception for him and his family what they give him... 703 00:53:50,905 --> 00:53:53,148 the thousands of people who have gathered to celebrate his return home. 704 00:53:53,372 --> 00:53:55,198 When I left the United States a week ago, 705 00:53:55,290 --> 00:53:58,372 Charlie was worried that our affection for him she would have been weakened. 706 00:53:58,991 --> 00:54:01,800 London now shows him that there is nothing to worry about. 707 00:54:02,091 --> 00:54:05,655 We can never forget it, nor can we the laughter he has brought to our lives. 708 00:54:05,891 --> 00:54:07,921 He is loved all over the world for his genius. 709 00:54:08,992 --> 00:54:10,820 Chaplin was not born great. 710 00:54:11,159 --> 00:54:14,026 However, in a life full of laughter and tears, 711 00:54:14,854 --> 00:54:17,450 has achieved imperishable greatness.